Curiosity Daily

Some Viruses Do You Good

Episode Summary

Learn about how blind and low-vision gamers have an edge when it comes to certain games, with Cornell University Professor Andrew Campana. Then, learn how some viruses actually protect their hosts; and the shocking solution to the Monty Hall Problem.

Episode Notes

Learn about how blind and low-vision gamers have an edge when it comes to certain games, with Cornell University Professor Andrew Campana. Then, learn how some viruses actually protect their hosts; and the shocking solution to the Monty Hall Problem, an infamous brain teaser that may leave you questioning your math skills.

Additional resources from Andrew Campana:

Believe it or not, some viruses protect their hosts and even have therapeutic uses by Cameron Duke

The Monty Hall Problem Is the Probability Puzzle That Enraged 10,000 Readers originally aired December 4, 2018 https://omny.fm/shows/curiosity-daily/see-if-you-re-a-covert-narcissist-michelson-morley

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Find episode transcript here: https://curiosity-daily-4e53644e.simplecast.com/episodes/some-viruses-do-you-good

Episode Transcription

CODY: Hi! You’re about to get smarter in just a few minutes with Curiosity Daily from curiosity-dot-com. I’m Cody Gough.

ASHLEY: And I’m Ashley Hamer. Today, you’ll learn about how blind and low-vision players have an edge when it comes to certain games, with Cornell University Professor Andrew Campana. You’ll also learn about how some viruses actually protect their hosts; and the maddening puzzle known as the Monty Hall Problem.

CODY: Let’s satisfy some curiosity.

Andrew Campana - Blind vs sighted players (Ashley)

Yesterday, Andrew Campana told us about how blind developers are creating "audio games" for blind and low-vision players. Today, he's going to tell us how those blind and low-vision players actually have an advantage when it comes to games like these — not to mention plenty of other tasks. Andrew Campana is an assistant professor of modern and contemporary Japanese literature in the Department of Asian Studies at Cornell University, and he's been researching how communities of blind and low-vision players stay in the game. Check out our conversation.

[CLIP 2:54]

Again, that was Andrew Campana, an assistant professor of modern and contemporary Japanese literature in the Department of Asian Studies at Cornell University. You can find a link to more from Andrew in the show notes.

Believe it or not, some viruses protect their hosts and even have therapeutic uses (Cody)

I think it’s safe to say that for the past year, we’ve all had viruses on our minds. While it’s easy to think of viruses as ruthless pathogens bent on global domination, that isn’t always the case. Some viruses actually protect their hosts.

 

For example: the Turnip Mosaic Virus is a common virus that infects, well… turnips, and other garden veggies. And scientists recently discovered that this virus will either help or harm its host depending on the weather. If the host is dealing with a drought, then this virus will shift gears and help the plant trigger genes that assist with conserving water. Experiments have shown that this virus significantly improves the chance that an affected plant will survive a drought. It’s a virus that doesn’t kick its host while it’s down.

 

It goes against what we think we know about viruses, doesn’t it? But this type of thing is a lot more common than you might think. 

 

Human mucus, for example, is full of viruses called bacteriophages. Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically target bacteria, and you are full of bacteriophages laying in wait to pounce on invading bacteria and stop harmful infections. Think of it as “immune system outsourcing.” 

 

Some viruses even help protect us from other viruses. Believe it or not, non-symptomatic herpes viruses have been shown to help white blood cells identify and fight off cancer cells and even other viruses. 

 

Some viruses have even been shown to lengthen the lives of patients infected with HIV by blocking the receptors HIV uses to enter cells. 

 

This knowledge isn’t all new. Scientists have known about the therapeutic potential of viruses for more than 90 years. Bacteriophages or “phages,” as the cool kids call them, have been used to treat staph, salmonella, and dysentery. Early on, scientists had to collect phages from natural sources, like dirt, sewage, and even infected patients in order to use them therapeutically. Now, we can engineer them specifically to fight infections. 

 

Even viruses can be our friends. I guess COVID-19 didn’t get the memo. 

[A] The Monty Hall Problem [2:45] (Cody Intro)

Well, today, behind Door #1, there was a story about audio games. Door #2? A story about benevolent viruses. What’s behind Door #3, you might ask?? Well, somewhat appropriately… a story about “The Monty Hall Problem.” This is one of our favorite stories from 2018… but I can’t promise you’ll love it as much as we do. Buckle up, because it’s time for some mathematical mischief.

RECAP

Let’s do a quick recap of what we learned today

  1. CODY: Blind and low-vision players are often a lot better at playing audio games and understanding other audio information than sighted people. Part of this is because of neuroplasticity, which lets our brains adapt to the needs around us. And games designed for (and by) blind and low-vision people are using new technologies, from virtual reality with 3D sound to screens that literally produce braille on them while a person is playing.
    1. CODY: I love this, Wii Bowling League, omg
  2. ASHLEY: Some viruses protect their hosts and even have therapeutic uses. Viruses called bacteriophages actually target bacteria and can stop harmful infections, and other viruses actually protect us from other viruses. See? Viruses aren’t all bad!
  3. CODY: The Monty Hall Problem is a counter-intuitive statistics puzzle that might have broken your brain. Basically, if you pick one of 3 doors and one of the other doors is revealed to be the wrong door, then you have a HIGHER chance of picking the right door if you then switch your choice to the OTHER door you didn’t pick. Because switching gives you a two-thirds chance of picking the right door, versus the one-third chance from sticking. It’s not 50-50. However, Ashley and I have a ONE HUNDRED PERCENT chance of getting at least one angry email or tweet about this. Actually, did we get any angry messages the first time we ran this?
    1. Let’s Make a Deal was my favorite game show and I literally wanted to be a game show host when I grew up; Let’s Make A Deal, $100,000 Pyramid, The Price is Right, PRESS YOUR LUCK, BIG MONEY NO WHAMMY

[ad lib optional] 

CODY: Today’s stories were written by Cameron Duke and Ashley Hamer, and edited by Ashley Hamer, who’s the managing editor for Curiosity Daily.

ASHLEY: Scriptwriting by Cody Gough. Curiosity Daily is produced and edited by Cody Gough.

CODY: Join us again tomorrow for CURIOSITY DAILY, STARRING PODCASTING’S BIG DEALER… ASHLEY HAMER! ...to learn something new in just a few minutes.

ASHLEY: And until then, stay curious!